Mechanical movement clocks are a great way to tell time in a classic format that doesn't rely on electronic readouts. Kirschstein National Research Service Award F31 AG048732 the Swedish Research Council the European Research Council Swedish State Support for Clinical Research the Swedish Alzheimer's Foundation and the UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London.Keep Your Favourite Clock Moving With the Right Mechanical Parts This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging under grants R56 AG052698, R01 AG027161, R01 AG021155, ADRC P50 AG033514, R01 AG037639 and K01 AG068353 the National Institutes of Health's Ruth L. The team included health professionals and academics from the U.S., England, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. 'This offers a promising therapeutic target to stop cognitive decline associated with aging and Alzheimer's.' Ruth Benca, the study's senior and co-corresponding author and Wake Forest professor and chair of psychiatry and behavioral medicine.

'These findings show that the effects of brain inflammation on sleep spindles and memory occur through its effects on neuronal activity and Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and are apparent even before pathological positivity,' said Dr. 'We don't yet know whether anyone in this study will develop Alzheimer's disease dementia, but one of the reasons that our studies enroll participants in midlife is so that we can potentially detect problems before people develop disease symptoms,' said co-author Barbara Bendlin, Ph.D., professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The fact that these relationships were identified in people without any accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles indicates that sleep deficits and inflammation might be among the earliest warning signs of Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that activation of two types of glial cells - microglia and astrocytes, which trigger brain inflammation - was associated with disrupted expression of fast sleep spindles.

Statistical tests were used to evaluate whether the effect of age on fast sleep spindles was mediated by Alzheimer's-related proteins. Participants also underwent a lumbar puncture so that cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of central nervous system inflammation, beta-amyloid and tau proteins, and neuronal integrity could be examined. Sleep was recorded overnight using high-density electroencephalography to map brain wave expression during sleep, and overnight memory retention was assessed. All had a parental history of Alzheimer's or a genetic risk factor for it, but none of them had beta-amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tau tangles.

Selectively disrupted fast sleep spindles have been identified in normal aging as well as preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease, but it has not been clear what causes this and what it means for memory impairment in older at-risk adults.ДЇor the study, 58 cognitively unimpaired adults in their 50s and 60s were examined at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Independently, sleep disturbance has been linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology in the brain, and studies have also indicated an association between sleep disturbance and inflammation.

Discovering these mechanisms is an important step in identifying at-risk individuals as early as possible and developing targeted interventions,' said Bryce Mander, Ph.D., UCI assistant professor of psychiatry & human behavior and the study's lead and co-corresponding author.Д¬hronic activation of the brain's immune cells, called 'glial cells,' increases with age, elevating production of beta-amyloid and tau proteins, the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This results in deficits in the brain's capacity to generate fast sleep spindles, which contribute to age-related memory impairment in older adults. 'Our findings indicate that age-related increases in brain inflammation have a downstream effect on Alzheimer's disease-related tau proteins and neuronal synaptic integrity. The study, published online today in the journal Sleep, examined whether inflammation had any effect on specific brain waves called fast sleep spindles, which have been shown to promote long-term memory retention. Brain inflammation, sleep disturbance and disrupted brain waves have all been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the interactions among them have not been investigated until now.

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